What are some common causes of VoIP failure?

The correct answer identifies critical factors influencing the performance and reliability of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services. Jitter, delay, and packet loss are significant because they directly affect the quality of the voice transmission over a network.

Jitter refers to the variation in the time between data packet arrivals. In VoIP, a consistent flow of packets is crucial for maintaining a clear and uninterrupted conversation. High jitter can lead to distorted audio or dropped calls.

Delay, or latency, is the time it takes for a voice signal to travel from the sender to the receiver. If there is excessive delay, it can result in awkward conversations, where participants talk over each other or experience long pauses, impacting the interactive nature of the call.

Packet loss occurs when some packets of data traveling over the network fail to reach their destination. In VoIP communications, lost packets can lead to gaps in the audio, making it challenging for participants to understand each other. A high level of packet loss can render conversations unintelligible or cause complete call dropouts.

These factors are interrelated and collectively contribute to VoIP issues, making option B the most comprehensive answer regarding common VoIP failure causes. The other options mention valid issues; however, they do not capture the primary network