What does the skin effect describe?

The skin effect describes a phenomenon where alternating current (AC) tends to flow near the surface of a conductor rather than uniformly throughout its entire cross-section. This is particularly pronounced at higher frequencies, where the electric current is concentrated in the outer layers of the conductor. As frequency increases, the depth to which the current penetrates into the conductor decreases, leading to an increase in effective resistance and potential losses.

In practical terms, this means that when signals with high frequencies travel through a conductor, they do so primarily along the outer surface. This effect can significantly impact the design and efficiency of electrical systems, particularly in high-frequency applications such as radio transmission and telecommunications. Understanding the skin effect is crucial for technicians working with AC circuits, as it influences decisions regarding conductor size and material selection to ensure optimal performance.